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You can use the free text search function to find information in the case story database. Most suitable are: substance name and other substance identifier (EC- and CAS-number). You can refine your search after first entry for sector-, function- and process-categories. The case studies are meant to serve as source of inspiration and ideas for substitution. The alternatives are constantly being developed further. We therefore recommend that you to check in each individual case whether an alternative is suitable for your applications and purposes. If you are aware of any other relevant information that is not mentioned in the current case story, please contact SUBSPORTplus.

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Alternatives to 2-methoxyethanol as put forward by the European Chemicals Agency (ECHA)

This document concerns the general toxicity of 2-methoxyethanol and some common alternatives to its use in different applications. The most common substitutes for 2-methoxyethanol are: PGME, EGBE, ethylene glycol monopropyl ether (EGPE) and their acetates (PGMEA, EGBEA, EGPEA). The decision which alternative to use depends on what application 2-methoxyethanol is currently used in.

Substitution of allergenic preservatives: methylisothiazolinone and methylchloroisothiazolinone

A Ph.D. thesis showed that methylisothiazolinone could be remarkably reduced if it was combined with phenoxyethanol in conservation of cosmetic cream.

Aqueous solution combined with ultrafiltration as an alternative to 4-methylpentan-2-one (MIBK) in purification of penicillin.

4-methylpentan-2-one (MIBK) was used for purification of penicillin in a pharmaceutical production. As an alternative the company used a method, where penicillin becomes water soluble through pH adjustment and then the purification can be made by ultra filtration. In this way MIBK was totally phased out.

Substitution of concentrated sodium hydroxide with sodium hydrogen carbonate for pH adjustment in pharmaceutical production.

Neutralisation of a product during a pharmaceutical production was earlier done by applying sodium hydroxide. Sodium hydroxide was substituted with the less hazardous alternative sodium hydrogen carbonate.

Neutralization of alkaline waste water with high ammonia content.

Waste water with a high content of ammonia was previously neutralised with strong acids such as hydrochloric acid and sulfuric acid. These strong acids were replaced by carbon dioxide (CO2).

Dimethyl sulfoxide as alternative solvent

Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) is an efficient polar aprotic solvent in numerous applications. It may be used as an alternative to N methylpyrrolidone (1-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone), dimethylformamide or methylene chloride (dichloromethane) and other solvents in pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, fine chemicals, electronics and cleaning.

Reduzierung von VOC-Emission aus Scheibenwaschanlagen

In einer von der dänischen EPA durchgeführten Studie wurden mehrere Alternativen zu Lösungsmitteln getestet, einschließlich eines Frostschutz-Proteins. Es gelang die Formulierung eines Reinigungsmittels mit einem niedrigeren Prozentsatz Alkohol und damit die Reduktion von Lösungsmittelemissionen.

Reduction of VOC emissions in windscreen washers

In a study performed for the Danish EPA, several alternatives to solvents were tested including anti freezing protein. It was possible to formulate washers with a lower alcohol percentage, thereby reducing the emission of solvents.

Green Glue - eine Alternative zu Methanol freisetzendem Parkettkleber auf der Basis von Silanen.

Der europäische Markt für Holzbodenbeläge (Parkett) produziert über 100 Millionen Quadratmeter pro Jahr. Ungefähr 70% der Holzböden werden unter Verwendung spezieller Kleber bei einem geschätzten Verbrauch von 70 Millionen Litern pro Jahr verlegt. Die meisten von ihnen enthalten flüchtige organische Verbindungen (VOCs) und andere gefährliche Stoffe, die gesundheits- und umweltschädlich sind. Green Glue ist ein umweltfreundlicher Kleber für die Verlegung von Holzfußböden. Es enthält weder VOCs noch Isocyanate oder Zinn und gibt kein Methanol ab.

No chlorine in private households

Suggestions from the Danish EPA to avoid the use of chlorine in private households

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