Case story database

Search for Successfully Implemented Alternatives

You can use the free text search function to find information in the case story database. Most suitable are: substance name and other substance identifier (EC- and CAS-number). You can refine your search after first entry for sector-, function- and process-categories. The case studies are meant to serve as source of inspiration and ideas for substitution. The alternatives are constantly being developed further. We therefore recommend that you to check in each individual case whether an alternative is suitable for your applications and purposes. If you are aware of any other relevant information that is not mentioned in the current case story, please contact SUBSPORTplus.

In order to utilize information in the best way, please take note of the SUBSPORTplus methodology on case stories!

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Large cooling systems for buildings and industrial plants: Chillers with natural refrigerants.

At least two companies in Denmark produce chillers with natural refrigerants. A chiller is a factory-made refrigeration system, which can produce cold water (or liquid) to air-condition large buildings or to cool industrial processes. This case describes the use of ammonia and ammonia/carbon dioxide. The case is based upon a Danish EPA interview with the company.

Mittlere bis große Kühlsysteme für Gebäude und Industrieanlagen: Kältemaschinen mit natürlichen Kühlmitteln.

Zwei dänische Unternehmen begannen mit der Herstellung von mittleren bis großen Kühleinheiten (50-400 kW), die einfache Kohlenwasserstoffe als Kühlmittel an Stelle von Fluorkohlenwasserstoffen verwenden. Die beiden Unternehmen produzieren rund 150 Einheiten pro Jahr hauptsächlich für den Binnenmarkt, aber der Export in andere Länder hat ebenfalls begonnen.

Medium to large size cooling systems for buildings and industrial plants: Chillers with natural refrigerants.

Two Danish companies have started a production of medium to large cooling units (50-400 kW) that utilize simple hydrocarbons as refrigerants instead of hydrofluorocarbons. The two companies make about 150 units per year, mostly for the domestic market but exports to other countries have started.

Großkühlsysteme für Gebäude und Industrieanlagen: Kältemaschinen mit natürlichen Kühlmitteln

Mindestens zwei Betriebe in Dänemark stellen Kältemaschinen mit natürlichen Kühlmitteln her. Eine Kältemaschine ist ein fabrikproduziertes Kühlsystem, das kaltes Wasser (oder Flüssigkeit) herstellen kann, um Gebäude zu klimatisieren oder industrielle Prozesse zu kühlen. Dieser Fall beschreibt die Verwendung von Ammoniak und Ammoniak/Kohlenstoffdioxid. Dieser Fall basiert auf einem Interview der dänischen Umweltbehörde (EPA) mit dem Unternehmen.

Thread- locks used in production

In afactory product with classified substances were previously used for thread lock. These substances were a potential risk in connection to breathing and skin contact. The products are now substituted to products without any classified ingredients.

Decabromodiphenyl ether flame retardants in plastic pallets; A safer alternatives assessment

This is a report comparing evaluating the alternatives to plastic pallets containing DecaBDE for flame retardancy. The investigations evaluate different materials and chemical flame retardants and also investigate if fire safety measures would eliminate the need for flame retardants in plastic pallets. The green screen for safer chemicals was used to evaluate the hazards of the chemical alternatives, and two of the investigated chemicals were found to be safer than DecaBDE: magnesium hydroxide and a proprietary phosphorus based substance. In addition, wood passed the fire safety test.

Replacement of bisphenol A in food and beverage packing

Bisphenol A can be replaced with polyamide, a resin based on oil extracted from plants or isosorbide depending on the application.

A bio-based polymer with multiple applications as substitute for poly(ethylene terephthalate)

Poly(ethylene terephthalate), better known as PET, is a material used on large-scale l that impacts in a negative way terrestrial and aquatic environment because is not biodegradable. PET can be substituted by a bio-based polymer with properties that also make it usable in a variety of other applications.

Cyclopentyl methyl ether as alternative to solvents that have a high risk of explosionand are hazardous for health

Cyclopentyl methyl ether (CPME) can be used as substitute for solvents like tetrahydrofuran (THF), 2-methyl tetrahydrofuran (MeTHF), methyl tert butyl ether (MTBE) or 1,4 dioxane, that may generate high risks for safety and are also classified as hazardous to health.

Potentially environmentally sounder alternatives to PFOS compounds and PFOA

Perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS), and a number of related perfluorinated compounds (perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA)) are used in numerous industrial and consumer products. These compounds have been recognised as hazardous to health and environment and give rise to increasing concern. The example is based on a report from the Danish Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), evaluating whether suitable less hazardous alternatives can be found. The compounds discussed in the report are based on telomers, silicone, aliphatic alcohols and acrylates. The compounds are discussed as groups and not as single products.

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