Case story database

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You can use the free text search function to find information in the case story database. Most suitable are: substance name and other substance identifier (EC- and CAS-number). You can refine your search after first entry for sector-, function- and process-categories. The case studies are meant to serve as source of inspiration and ideas for substitution. The alternatives are constantly being developed further. We therefore recommend that you to check in each individual case whether an alternative is suitable for your applications and purposes. If you are aware of any other relevant information that is not mentioned in the current case story, please contact SUBSPORTplus.

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Different ways to phase out halocarbons like dichloromethane in various applications.

This document describes how a large portion of the halocarbons used and manufactured in Sweden were phased out during the late 1980´s and early 1990´s. Several specific examples are mentioned concerning what chemicals were substituted and what the alternatives were. The chemicals discussed are mainly: dichloromethane, trichloroethylene, 1,1,2-Dichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane and 1,1,1-trichloroethane.

Different ways to reduce the amount of halogenated flame retardants in electronics.

This document relates a study of how different corporations such as Apple, Sony Ericsson and Seagate have proceeded with eliminating PVC and halogenated flame retardants from their products. A few examples from the study will be described in this case story.

Proactive restriction of Mercury (Hg) on all newly designed Dell notebooks and displays

Mercury is used in Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) backlights of notebook and flat panel displays (monitors). Light Emitting Diodes (LED) were introduced as a substitute to LCD backlights a few years ago. This technology avoids the use of mercury while using energy more efficiently than LCD. Dell has been adopting the use of mercury free LED in notebooks and flat panel displays since 2008. In 2012, Dell is committed to fully transition to LED technology for all newly designed notebooks and flat panel displays.

Proaktive Beschränkung von Quecksilber (Hg) in allen neu entwickelten Dell Notebooks und Bildschirmen

Quecksilber wird in der Hintergrundbeleuchtung von Flüssigkristall-Displays (LCD) für Notebooks und Flachbildschirmen (Monitoren) verwendet. Leuchtdioden (LED) wurden vor ein paar Jahren als Substitut für LCD-Hintergrundbeleuchtung eingeführt. Diese Technologie vermeidet die Verwendung von Quecksilber und ist energie-effizienter als LCD. Dell verwendet quecksilberfreie LEDs in Notebooks und Flachbildschirmen seit 2008. Für 2012 hat sich Dell verpflichtet, bei allen neu entwickelten Notebooks und Flachbildschirmen vollständig zur LED-Technologie überzugehen.

Replacement of chlorofluorocarbons (CFC) gases with hydrofluorocarbon (HFC) gases and hydrocarbons in refrigerators and deep freezers

Hydrofluorocarbons (HFC) replaced the use of chlorofluorocarbons (CFC) in insulation materials several years ago, and, subsequently, HFC have been replaced with hydrocarbons. The original phase-out of CFC was made in order to protect the ozone layer, while the most recent shift aims at reducing the greenhouse effect.

Cleaning of wafer frames with brushing machines using tap water

Manufacturer of electronic components cleaned wafer frames made of fibre glass plastic using a continuous flow brushing machine with tap water. Formerly, components were cleaned manually with solvents.

Alternatives to chlorine-containing lubricants for demanding metal working in stainless steel and titanium.

Chlorinated paraffins are used in considerable amounts as high-pressure additives in metal working lubricants. They are considered risky in terms of health and the environment. The example is a summary of a project aimed at mapping existing alternative non-chlorinated lubricants for demanding non-cutting metal working tasks, testing the lubricating properties of selected lubricants, and evaluating the health-related and environmental properties of the lubricants.

Assessment, development and demonstration of alternatives for 1,2-trans-dichloroethylene

This is a report from a project investigating the alternatives to 1.2-transdichloroethylene in cleaning of printed circuit boards and in aerosol cleaning. For the circuit boards is suggested a change of process which does not require solvent cleaning. For aerosol cleaning products based on water, soy or acetone are recommended as alternatives.

Eliminierung der Phthalate DEHP, BBP, DBP und DIBP aus Elektronikprodukten auf eigene Initiative

DEHP, BBP und DBP sind Phthalate mit geringer molarer Masse, die verwendet werden, um Kabel weicher und flexibler zu machen. Diese Phthalate sind in die REACH Kandidatenliste aufgenommen worden und wurden in Zusammenhang mit der RoHS-Neufassung diskutiert. Gemäß dem Vorsorgeprinzip hat Dell beschlossen, auf eigene Initiative die Phthalate aus allen Produkten zu entfernen. Die Phthalate wurden durch Tris(2-ethylhexyl)benzol-1,2,4-tricarboxylate (TOM oder TOTM) oder Bis(2-ethylhexyl)terephthalat (DOCP) ersetzt. TOM und DOCP bieten dieselbe Funktionalität, sind aber weder eingestuft noch sind sie CMR Stoffe. Dell hat außerdem begonnen, von seine Zulieferer zu verlangen, die Verwendung zusätzlicher Phthalate(DIDP, DNOP, DIBP, DHNUP, DIHP) offenlegen, um einen stufenweisen Ausstieg aus deren Verwendung zu ermöglichen.

Proactively eliminating the phthalates DEHP, BBP, DBP and DIBP from electronic products

DEHP, BBP, and DBP are low molecular weight phthalates used to make cables softer and more flexible. These phthalates have been included in the REACH Candidate List and have been discussed in context of the RoHS recast. In line with the its precautionary principle, Dell has decided to proactively eliminate these phthalates from all of its products. The phthalates have been replaced with Trioctyl Trimellitate (TOM or TOTM) or Dioctyl Terephthalate (DOCP). TOM and DOCP offer the same functionality, however these are neither classified nor labelled and are not CMR substances. Dell has also started to request that its suppliers disclose the use of additional phthalates (DIDP, DNOP, DIBP, DHNUP, DIHP) to enable swift phase out of these as well.

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