Case story database

Search for Successfully Implemented Alternatives

You can use the free text search function to find information in the case story database. Most suitable are: substance name and other substance identifier (EC- and CAS-number). You can refine your search after first entry for sector-, function- and process-categories. The case studies are meant to serve as source of inspiration and ideas for substitution. The alternatives are constantly being developed further. We therefore recommend that you to check in each individual case whether an alternative is suitable for your applications and purposes. If you are aware of any other relevant information that is not mentioned in the current case story, please contact SUBSPORTplus.

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Alternatives to 2-methoxyethanol as put forward by the European Chemicals Agency (ECHA)

This document concerns the general toxicity of 2-methoxyethanol and some common alternatives to its use in different applications. The most common substitutes for 2-methoxyethanol are: PGME, EGBE, ethylene glycol monopropyl ether (EGPE) and their acetates (PGMEA, EGBEA, EGPEA). The decision which alternative to use depends on what application 2-methoxyethanol is currently used in.

Different ways to phase out halocarbons like dichloromethane in various applications.

This document describes how a large portion of the halocarbons used and manufactured in Sweden were phased out during the late 1980´s and early 1990´s. Several specific examples are mentioned concerning what chemicals were substituted and what the alternatives were. The chemicals discussed are mainly: dichloromethane, trichloroethylene, 1,1,2-Dichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane and 1,1,1-trichloroethane.

Substitution of Chloroform with 1-Bromo-3-chloropropane in RNA-isolation.

Chloroform is commonly used in a method to isolate RNA from DNA and proteins. Since chloroform is a neurotoxicant, an endocrine disruptor and possibly also a carcinogen, substitution of the substance is advantageous from a workers' safety perspective. It was found that 1-Bromo-3-chloropropane (BCP) could work as a fully functional substitute for chloroform without any changes in the experimental process.

Substitution of dichloromethane in the analysis of pesticide residue

In analysis of pesticide residues cyclohexane, ethylacetate, tert. butyl methyl ether, diethylether and light petroleum are tried as alternatives to dichloromethane. Conclusively cyclohexane, light petroleum or tert. butyl methyl ether is recommended in the article . Of these three recommended substances, light petroleum and tert. butyl methyl ether is included in the database of hazardous substances according to SUBSPORTplusS screening criteria (SDSC).

The cleaning of old frescoes with a bacterial suspension

This case story presents the use of Pseudomonas stutzeri for the biocleaning of mural paintings, for the purpose of eliminating remains of organic material from old restorations or insoluble saline efflorescence. Traditional techniques used in cleaning involve: solvents, spirits, alkalis, acids and soaps, as well as simple mechanical actions (ex. scraping with a scalpel).

Substitution von N,N-Dimethylformamid durch Ethanol bei der Analyse von alkalischer Phosphatase in Leukozyten

N,N-Dimethylformamid wird bei einem Verfahren verwendet, um die Aktivität des Enzyms alkalische Phosphatase in Leukozyten zu messen. N,N-Dimethylformamid wird speziell als Lösungsmittel eingesetzt, um eine Substratlösung anzusetzen und kann einfach durch Ethanol ausgetauscht werden, ohne dass Änderungen an diesem Arbeitsverfahren notwendig werden. Der einzige Unterschied ist, dass der Lösungsvorgang mit Ethanol etwas langsamer ist als mit N,N-Dimethylformamid.

Substitution of N,N-dimethylformamide with ethanol in analysis of alkaline phosphatases in leukocytes.

N,N-dimethylformamide is used in a method to measure activity of the enzyme alkaline phosphatase in leukocytes. N,N-dimethylformamide is specifically used as a solvent to prepare a substrate solution for the method and can easily be substituted with ethanol without any changes in the procedure. The only difference is that ethanol is slightly slower as a solvent than N,N-dimethylformamide.

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