Case story database

Search for Successfully Implemented Alternatives

You can use the free text search function to find information in the case story database. Most suitable are: substance name and other substance identifier (EC- and CAS-number). You can refine your search after first entry for sector-, function- and process-categories. The case studies are meant to serve as source of inspiration and ideas for substitution. The alternatives are constantly being developed further. We therefore recommend that you to check in each individual case whether an alternative is suitable for your applications and purposes. If you are aware of any other relevant information that is not mentioned in the current case story, please contact SUBSPORTplus.

In order to utilize information in the best way, please take note of the SUBSPORTplus methodology on case stories!

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Large cooling systems for buildings and industrial plants: Chillers with natural refrigerants.

At least two companies in Denmark produce chillers with natural refrigerants. A chiller is a factory-made refrigeration system, which can produce cold water (or liquid) to air-condition large buildings or to cool industrial processes. This case describes the use of ammonia and ammonia/carbon dioxide. The case is based upon a Danish EPA interview with the company.

Mittlere bis große Kühlsysteme für Gebäude und Industrieanlagen: Kältemaschinen mit natürlichen Kühlmitteln.

Zwei dänische Unternehmen begannen mit der Herstellung von mittleren bis großen Kühleinheiten (50-400 kW), die einfache Kohlenwasserstoffe als Kühlmittel an Stelle von Fluorkohlenwasserstoffen verwenden. Die beiden Unternehmen produzieren rund 150 Einheiten pro Jahr hauptsächlich für den Binnenmarkt, aber der Export in andere Länder hat ebenfalls begonnen.

Medium to large size cooling systems for buildings and industrial plants: Chillers with natural refrigerants.

Two Danish companies have started a production of medium to large cooling units (50-400 kW) that utilize simple hydrocarbons as refrigerants instead of hydrofluorocarbons. The two companies make about 150 units per year, mostly for the domestic market but exports to other countries have started.

Großkühlsysteme für Gebäude und Industrieanlagen: Kältemaschinen mit natürlichen Kühlmitteln

Mindestens zwei Betriebe in Dänemark stellen Kältemaschinen mit natürlichen Kühlmitteln her. Eine Kältemaschine ist ein fabrikproduziertes Kühlsystem, das kaltes Wasser (oder Flüssigkeit) herstellen kann, um Gebäude zu klimatisieren oder industrielle Prozesse zu kühlen. Dieser Fall beschreibt die Verwendung von Ammoniak und Ammoniak/Kohlenstoffdioxid. Dieser Fall basiert auf einem Interview der dänischen Umweltbehörde (EPA) mit dem Unternehmen.

Starch hydrogels as alternative to polyacrylamide in soil treatment

Polyacrylamide used for soil treatment is made from a hazardous monomer – and it may decompose to this monomer in the environment.Polyacrylamide can be replaced by other starch hydrogels.

Inorganic bismuth vanadate yellow pigments that are lead chromate-free

Lead and chromate are known for their hazards and efforts are made to eliminate them from various applications where they have been used on a large scale because of their availability and their high technical performances. Inorganic yellow pigments containing lead chromates could be replaced by bismuth vanadate, in some applications.

Verwendung von Bambus und natürlichen Fasern in der Herstellung von Flügeln für Windturbinen.

Ein Projekt ergab vielversprechende Ergebnisse in Bezug auf die Substitution von Glasfaser/Epoxidverbundstoffen durch ein Verbundstoff aus Bambus und biobasiertem Klebstoff.

Bamboo and natural fibres used in the production of blades for wind turbines

A project showed promising results concerning the substitution of glass fibre/epoxy composite with bamboo/biobased glue composite.

Substitution of naphtha and hexamethylene diisocyanate in polyurethane-based paints

This experience involved the substitution of solvents in paints used in a company specialised in the manufacture of car wash tunnel systems. Several workers were exposed to naphtha light aromatic fraction (carcinogenic and mutagen) and to hexamethylene diisocyanate (sensitiser and endocrine disruptor). Trade union intervention managed to achieve the substitution of these paints by Tribo system electrostatic powder coatings that do not require solvents.

SUBSPORTplus Specific Substances Alternatives Assessment – Formaldehyde

Formaldehyde is one of the specific substances or substance groups for which a detailed alternatives assessment has been performed by SUBSPORTplus according to a common methodology. In this document the hazard profile and identified uses of formaldehyde can be found as well as the identification, assessment and comparison of alternatives for four of its uses.

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