Some substances cannot yet be replaced technically, or there are no alternatives that are less dangerous overall. Regarding activities such as recycling, maintenance and repair or the processing of articles releasing dangerous substances, companies might have little influence on substitution. Even if substitution is not possible, human health and the environment must be protected. The instruments available vary.

With regard to consumer and environmental protection, substitution is primarily based on bans or restrictions.

However, additional recommendations on "good practice" are of particular importance for occupational health and safety.

Therefore, recommendations for the safe handling of substances will soon be available here.