Case story database

Search for Successfully Implemented Alternatives

You can use the free text search function to find information in the case story database. Most suitable are: substance name and other substance identifier (EC- and CAS-number). You can refine your search after first entry for sector-, function- and process-categories. The case studies are meant to serve as source of inspiration and ideas for substitution. The alternatives are constantly being developed further. We therefore recommend that you to check in each individual case whether an alternative is suitable for your applications and purposes. If you are aware of any other relevant information that is not mentioned in the current case story, please contact SUBSPORTplus.

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Replacement of chlorofluorocarbons (CFC) gases with hydrofluorocarbon (HFC) gases and hydrocarbons in refrigerators and deep freezers

Hydrofluorocarbons (HFC) replaced the use of chlorofluorocarbons (CFC) in insulation materials several years ago, and, subsequently, HFC have been replaced with hydrocarbons. The original phase-out of CFC was made in order to protect the ozone layer, while the most recent shift aims at reducing the greenhouse effect.

Replacement for hydrofluorocarbon (HFC) gases and hydrocarbons with CO2 for cooling systems

A Danish company has developed a cooling method based solely on CO2 with the support of the Danish environmental protection agency. The environmental benefits are large and the market is promising.

Large cooling systems for buildings and industrial plants: Chillers with natural refrigerants.

At least two companies in Denmark produce chillers with natural refrigerants. A chiller is a factory-made refrigeration system, which can produce cold water (or liquid) to air-condition large buildings or to cool industrial processes. This case describes the use of ammonia and ammonia/carbon dioxide. The case is based upon a Danish EPA interview with the company.

Medium to large size cooling systems for buildings and industrial plants: Chillers with natural refrigerants.

Two Danish companies have started a production of medium to large cooling units (50-400 kW) that utilize simple hydrocarbons as refrigerants instead of hydrofluorocarbons. The two companies make about 150 units per year, mostly for the domestic market but exports to other countries have started.

Mittlere bis große Kühlsysteme für Gebäude und Industrieanlagen: Kältemaschinen mit natürlichen Kühlmitteln.

Zwei dänische Unternehmen begannen mit der Herstellung von mittleren bis großen Kühleinheiten (50-400 kW), die einfache Kohlenwasserstoffe als Kühlmittel an Stelle von Fluorkohlenwasserstoffen verwenden. Die beiden Unternehmen produzieren rund 150 Einheiten pro Jahr hauptsächlich für den Binnenmarkt, aber der Export in andere Länder hat ebenfalls begonnen.

Vegetable oils can be used as sustainable insulating and cooling liquids in transformers

It was estimated that globally each year about 5.7 million tons of fresh transformer oil is needed. Substitution of mineral oil by vegetable oil would be an important contribution to sustainable development.

Use of methylene blue as staining agent to reveal DNA

Methylene blue may be used as an alternative to ethidium bromide, a suspected mutagen, in staining agarose gel to reveal DNA.

Großkühlsysteme für Gebäude und Industrieanlagen: Kältemaschinen mit natürlichen Kühlmitteln

Mindestens zwei Betriebe in Dänemark stellen Kältemaschinen mit natürlichen Kühlmitteln her. Eine Kältemaschine ist ein fabrikproduziertes Kühlsystem, das kaltes Wasser (oder Flüssigkeit) herstellen kann, um Gebäude zu klimatisieren oder industrielle Prozesse zu kühlen. Dieser Fall beschreibt die Verwendung von Ammoniak und Ammoniak/Kohlenstoffdioxid. Dieser Fall basiert auf einem Interview der dänischen Umweltbehörde (EPA) mit dem Unternehmen.

Professional drink and vaccine cooling with natural refrigerants

A Danish company produces refrigerators and freezers for professional use; for soft drinks, beer, wine, pharmaceuticals, blood and vaccines, and has offered coolers and freezers with hydrocarbon refrigerants since 1994, and to the household market and since 2000. The company has 330 employees and 90% of the production is exported to the global market.

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